The Spanish club, second in the Primera Division and ahead of city rivals Real Madrid, had allowed Robles to spend a trial period at the DW Stadium, and boss Roberto Martinez was sufficiently impressed to bring the 22-year-old into his first-team squad.
Atletico confirmed the deal in a statement on their website, which read: "Atletico Madrid and Wigan Athletic have reached an agreement so that Joel Robles, after a trial period with the English club, will play on loan until June 30 with the Premier League team.
"The goalkeeper will return to the `rojiblanco' at the end of this loan period."
Robles has yet to break into the Atletico first team on a regular basis, with Chelsea goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois currently on loan with the club and the established preferred choice of coach Diego Simeone.
The 6ft 5in shot-stopper had a loan spell with Rayo Vallecano last season before returning to the Vicente Calderon stadium.
At Wigan he will provide competition for number one Ali Al Habsi and reserve Mike Pollitt.
